The rotator cuff is a group of four muscles and their tendons located in the shoulder joint. These muscles originate from the shoulder blade (scapula) and attach to the head of the upper arm bone (humerus). The four muscles that make up the rotator cuff are the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis. The rotator cuff plays a crucial role in stabilizing the shoulder joint and facilitating various movements, including lifting and rotating the arm, and maintaining shoulder joint function and stability.
Rotator cuff injuries can occur as a result of acute trauma, such as a fall onto the shoulder or lifting a heavy object with an extended arm, causing a tear or strain in the rotator cuff muscles or tendons. Chronic overuse, repetitive overhead motions, or degenerative changes associated with aging can also contribute to rotator cuff injuries, leading to inflammation, tendonitis, or degenerative tears. Additionally, anatomical factors, such as bone spurs or shoulder impingement, may increase the risk of rotator cuff injury.
Rotator cuff repair may be necessary for individuals with symptomatic rotator cuff tears that cause significant pain, weakness, and functional limitations in the shoulder. The decision to undergo rotator cuff repair depends on various factors, including the size, location, and severity of the tear, the individual's activity level and goals, and the presence of associated shoulder injuries or conditions. Rotator cuff repair aims to reattach or reinforce the torn tendon to the bone and restore shoulder function and stability.
Rotator cuff repair surgery is typically performed arthroscopically, using small incisions and a tiny camera (arthroscope) to visualize the inside of the shoulder joint. The torn tendon is reattached to the bone using sutures, anchors, or other fixation devices to restore its anatomical position and function. In cases of large or complex tears, additional procedures such as tendon transfers or grafts may be necessary to repair the rotator cuff. Rehabilitation following rotator cuff repair focuses on protecting the healing tendon, restoring shoulder strength and range of motion, and preventing stiffness or re-injury.
After rotator cuff repair surgery, patients undergo a period of rehabilitation to promote healing, restore shoulder function, and prevent complications. Physical therapy plays a crucial role in the recovery process, focusing on exercises to improve muscle strength, range of motion, and stability while protecting the healing tendon. Patients typically follow a structured rehabilitation program under the guidance of a physical therapist, with close monitoring by healthcare providers to ensure optimal outcomes and minimize the risk of re-tearing the rotator cuff. Gradual progression of activities is essential, with a focus on safely returning to sports or other activities as tolerated
