Total hip replacement, also known as hip arthroplasty, is a surgical procedure designed to replace a damaged or diseased hip joint with artificial components. The surgery involves removing the damaged cartilage and bone from the hip joint and replacing them with prosthetic implants made of metal, plastic, or ceramic materials. Total hip replacement aims to relieve pain, restore mobility, and improve the function of the hip joint, typically in cases of severe osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, hip fractures, or other conditions causing hip joint degeneration.
Total hip replacement is commonly performed to alleviate chronic hip pain and disability caused by degenerative joint diseases like osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Other reasons include hip fractures resulting from trauma or injury, avascular necrosis (loss of blood supply) of the hip joint, congenital hip deformities, or failed previous hip surgeries. These conditions can lead to significant pain, stiffness, and loss of mobility, necessitating surgical intervention to improve the quality of life.
Total hip replacement surgery becomes necessary when conservative treatments such as medication, physical therapy, or lifestyle modifications fail to provide adequate relief from hip pain and functional limitations. It is typically recommended when the pain and disability significantly affect daily activities and quality of life, impeding mobility and independence. Total hip replacement aims to alleviate pain, restore mobility, and improve the overall function of the hip joint, thereby enhancing the patient's quality of life.
During total hip replacement surgery, the damaged portions of the hip joint are removed and replaced with artificial implants. The procedure is typically performed under general or regional anesthesia. The surgeon makes an incision over the hip joint, removes the damaged cartilage and bone, and then implants the prosthetic components, including a metal stem inserted into the femur (thighbone), a metal or ceramic ball attached to the stem, and a socket component usually made of plastic, ceramic, or metal inserted into the pelvis. The new components recreate the hip joint's structure, allowing for improved mobility and reduced pain.
After total hip replacement surgery, patients undergo a period of recovery and rehabilitation to regain strength, flexibility, and mobility in the hip joint. Physical therapy is typically prescribed to help restore function and improve range of motion. Pain management and adherence to postoperative instructions are crucial during this phase. Most patients experience significant improvement in pain and mobility within weeks to months after surgery, enabling them to return to normal activities with reduced discomfort and improved quality of life. Regular follow-up appointments with healthcare providers are necessary to monitor progress and address any concerns.
