Meniscal repair is a surgical procedure aimed at repairing a torn meniscus, which is a C-shaped cartilage structure located between the femur (thighbone) and tibia (shinbone) in the knee joint. The meniscus acts as a shock absorber and helps distribute weight and provide stability to the knee during movement. When the meniscus is torn, particularly in the vascularized outer region (red zone), it may have the potential to heal with surgical intervention. Meniscal repair involves suturing the torn edges of the meniscus back together to promote healing and restore the structural integrity of the knee joint.
Meniscal tears can occur as a result of traumatic injury, such as twisting or hyperflexion of the knee joint during sports activities, falls, or accidents. Degenerative changes associated with aging or repetitive stress on the knee joint can also contribute to meniscal tears over time. Activities that involve sudden stops, changes in direction, or pivoting motions increase the risk of meniscal injury. Additionally, pre-existing conditions such as osteoarthritis or abnormalities in knee anatomy may predispose individuals to meniscal tears.
Meniscal repair may be necessary for individuals with symptomatic meniscal tears, particularly those located in the vascularized outer region (red-red or red-white zone) where there is potential for healing. The decision to undergo meniscal repair depends on various factors, including the size, location, and type of tear, as well as the individual's age, activity level, and overall knee health. In some cases, conservative treatments such as physical therapy, activity modification, or meniscectomy (partial meniscus removal) may be sufficient to manage symptoms and restore function.
Meniscal repair surgery is typically performed arthroscopically, using small incisions and a tiny camera (arthroscope) to visualize the inside of the knee joint. The torn edges of the meniscus are trimmed to create a stable edge for repair, and sutures or other fixation devices are used to reapproximate the torn fragments and promote healing. The procedure aims to restore the structural integrity of the meniscus and preserve as much healthy tissue as possible. Rehabilitation following meniscal repair focuses on protecting the healing meniscus while gradually restoring strength, range of motion, and functional activities.
After meniscal repair surgery, patients undergo a period of rehabilitation to promote healing, restore knee function, and prevent complications. Physical therapy plays a crucial role in the recovery process, focusing on exercises to improve muscle strength, range of motion, and proprioception (balance and coordination) while protecting the healing meniscus. Patients typically follow a structured rehabilitation program under the guidance of a physical therapist, with close monitoring by healthcare providers to ensure optimal outcomes and minimize the risk of reinjury. Restrictions on activities may be imposed initially to protect the healing meniscus, with a gradual return to sports or other high-impact activities as tolerated.
