Bankart repair is a surgical procedure aimed at repairing a specific type of shoulder injury known as a Bankart lesion. This injury involves a tear or detachment of the labrum, which is a ring of fibrous cartilage that surrounds the shoulder socket (glenoid) and helps stabilize the shoulder joint. Bankart lesions often occur as a result of shoulder dislocation or instability, where the humeral head (upper arm bone) comes out of the socket, causing damage to the labrum and surrounding structures. Bankart repair involves reattaching the torn labrum to the glenoid to restore stability and prevent recurrent shoulder dislocations.
Bankart lesions are commonly caused by traumatic events such as shoulder dislocation, where the humeral head is forced out of the shoulder socket, often as a result of a fall, direct blow to the shoulder, or sudden twisting motion. The forceful displacement of the humeral head can lead to tearing or detachment of the labrum from the glenoid, resulting in instability and increased risk of recurrent dislocations. Bankart lesions are frequently seen in individuals who participate in contact sports or activities that involve repetitive overhead motions.
Bankart repair may be necessary for individuals with recurrent shoulder dislocations or instability associated with a Bankart lesion. The decision to undergo Bankart repair depends on various factors, including the severity of the labral injury, the degree of shoulder instability, the individual's activity level and goals, and the presence of associated shoulder injuries. Bankart repair aims to restore stability to the shoulder joint, reduce the risk of recurrent dislocations, and improve shoulder function and range of motion.
Bankart repair surgery is typically performed arthroscopically, using small incisions and a tiny camera (arthroscope) to visualize the inside of the shoulder joint. The torn or detached labrum is reattached to the glenoid using sutures, anchors, or other fixation devices to restore its anatomical position and function. Additional procedures, such as capsular tightening or bone grafting, may be performed as needed to address associated shoulder instability or structural abnormalities. Rehabilitation following Bankart repair focuses on restoring shoulder strength, range of motion, and stability while protecting the healing labrum.
After Bankart repair surgery, patients undergo a period of rehabilitation to promote healing, restore shoulder function, and prevent complications. Physical therapy plays a crucial role in the recovery process, focusing on exercises to improve muscle strength, range of motion, and stability while protecting the healing labrum. Patients typically follow a structured rehabilitation program under the guidance of a physical therapist, with close monitoring by healthcare providers to ensure optimal outcomes and minimize the risk of recurrent shoulder instability. Gradual progression of activities is essential, with a focus on safely returning to sports or other activities as tolerated.
